From Vietnam to Laos: Exploring Coffee Farming, Economy, and the Future of Sustainability

Why Laos?

In my search for a broader perspective on coffee farming, I traveled to Laos—not only to visit our neighbors in a land rich with tradition, but also to understand their approach to coffee cultivation and economic sustainability.

Miwa had previously visited Vietnam, and since we both share a deep passion for coffee, I wanted to expand my journey beyond Vietnam’s Central Highlands, exploring Laotian coffee farms to compare different agricultural models.

Laos carries a fascinating coffee history, deeply influenced by French colonial settlers in the 1920s. These settlers brought coffee cultivation to Bolaven Plateau, shaping a legacy that persists today. But how does Laotian coffee farming compare to Vietnam’s approach? That’s what I wanted to find out.

Arrival in Bolaven Plateau

My journey began with a long trip from Pleiku to Pakse, a small but vibrant city near the Mekong River.

🏍 From Pakse, I rented a motorbike and rode 20km to Paksong Town, the heart of Bolaven Plateau, where most of Laos' coffee production takes place.
🌬 The cold highland winds welcomed me—fresh, crisp, and remarkably similar to Da Lat’s climate in Vietnam.

Our destination was Bolaven Café, a large-scale plantation covering over 3,000 hectares, owned by Thai investors from the Chang Beer Group. It operates with industrialized, mechanized farming techniques, a contrast to the organic and small-scale farming I often study in Vietnam.

The café itself was run by local Laotians, full of warmth and friendliness—a true reflection of the country’s hospitality and agricultural pride.
 

Understanding Laos' Coffee Cultivation

One of my main goals was to explore the types of coffee cultivated here. From local documents and firsthand observations, I found that Bolaven farms mainly grow three varieties:

✅ Typica – A well-known Arabica variety, historically cultivated in Latin America and Asia.
✅ Bourbon – Another Arabica variety, famous for its sweet notes and golden or red cherries.
✅ Catimor – A high-yield hybrid, originally bred in Timor Leste, with strong resistance to diseases.

 

💡 Agricultural Insights:
🌿 Basalt soil dominance – The region has red, iron-rich basalt soil, similar to Vietnam’s Central Highlands, but slightly more yellow due to higher aluminum oxide content.
🌞 Direct sun exposure – Many plantations lack shade-grown techniques, resulting in thinner cherry skins and lower sweetness levels compared to shaded coffee farms.
🚜 Mechanized planting & harvesting – Wide 4x1m spacing allows for efficient machine operations, making large-scale farming practical.

Despite heavy mechanization, young workers were still manually picking ripe cherries during my visit—perhaps machine harvesting happens later in the season.

Lessons in Sustainability & Business

Observing Bolaven’s farming model made me reflect on how industrial coffee production impacts both the environment and local communities.

🔥 Soil degradation & erosion – Large-scale farming depletes key nutrients, requiring intensive restoration efforts.
👷 Labor shortages & economic challenges – While automation is cost-effective, it reduces employment opportunities for local farmers.
💡 Balancing tradition & efficiency – A successful model integrates modern farming techniques while preserving ecological and cultural identity.

This business model has thrived for decades, proving that large-scale coffee plantations can be economically sustainable. But is it the ideal direction for long-term sustainability? That’s the question I carried back to Vietnam.

From Observation to Action – HuyEco Coffee Farm

After witnessing Laos' industrialized coffee production, I returned with a reinforced vision for HuyEco Coffee Farm.

☕ Organic, ethical coffee production – Prioritizing quality and environmental harmony over mass-scale efficiency.
🚜 Eco-tourism & community learning – Helping visitors experience hands-on farming while supporting local growers.
🌍 A hybrid model – Exploring scalable yet sustainable farming techniques to create a viable long-term coffee ecosystem.

Instead of just studying different farming methods, HuyEco Coffee Farm now actively participates in shaping sustainability—ensuring farmers thrive while coffee quality remains exceptional.
Experience specialty coffee with sustainable coffee farmers | GetYourGuide

Final Thoughts: A Shared Path to Sustainable Coffee

My journey to Laos wasn’t just about coffee farming—it was about understanding the intersection between agriculture, economy, and sustainability.

🌱 Each country has its own path, but the future of coffee depends on balancing efficiency with ethical farming.
🤝 Community-driven conservation matters—local farmers, small producers, and sustainable businesses must work together.
☕ HuyEco Coffee Farm strives to embody this balance, ensuring both nature and people benefit from ethical coffee cultivation.

For those who want to experience sustainable coffee farming firsthand, HuyEco Coffee Farm offers immersive farm tours, bringing visitors closer to the essence of organic coffee production.